The essential question of whether economics is a science will not be resolved with this book, even if in the time of the physiocrats political economy allowed itself to claim this status. The 17 contributors, economists and historians, encouraged by the Fondation des Treilles (a site ‘at the end of the world’ created by Anne Gruner-Schlumberger) succeed in introducing us to a field where history and economics combine, with interactions that would make us doubt the exclusive rank of human sciences to which they are associated, if only because they are true ‘ogresses’: they both aspire to ‘envelop the entire social field’.
The book is divided into 6 parts which illustrate their points of convergence (to the point of experiencing a mutual attraction), but also the paths that separate them (to better appropriate each other’s data). This is what leads Samuelson to say that the study of economic history is the raw material from which the economist can test any of his hypotheses.
The most surprising aspect, when the reader delves into the different themes of the book, is the implementation of extremely sophisticated methods and tools in data processing (such as digitized relational databases) to deal with subjects as diverse as Masonic membership and therefore the evolution of the lines of force in the society of the Ancien régime, or statistical approaches intended to distinguish the different forms of causality, a notion that was believed to be reserved for the hard sciences, as Pierre Livet states.
The various chapters also address the analysis of colonialism (which is not just a zero-sum game) and the network organization of universities in medieval and modern Europe. These themes constitute anchor points for the epistemological development of economic science.
Alain Trannoy is Director of Studies at the EHESS and Professor at the Aix-Marseille School of Economics, specializing in public economics and taxation, and Arundhati Virmani is a teacher-researcher at the EHESS, specializing in colonial and contemporary history of India.
Alain Brunet’s note
